In the context of LiDAR technology, "AMCW" stands for Amplitude Modulated Continuous Wave, "FMCW" stands for Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, and "ToF" stands for Time of Flight, all referring to different methods used to measure distance by analyzing the characteristics of a light wave emitted from the LiDAR sensor; essentially, AMCW measures the amplitude changes, FMCW measures the frequency shift, and ToF measures the time it takes for a light pulse to travel to a target and back.